| 摘要:
We propose a simple statistical model of electrochemical cell degradation based on the general characteristics observed in previous large-scale experimental studies of cell degradation. This model is used to statistically explore the behaviour and lifetime performance of battery systems where the cells are organised into modules that are controlled semi-independently. Intuitively, such systems should offer improved reliability and energy availability compared to monolithic systems as the system ages and cells degrade and fail. To validate this intuition, this paper explores the capacity evolution of populations of systems composed of random populations of cells. This approach allows the probability that a given system design meets a given lifetime specification to be calculated. A cost model that includes the effect of uncertainty in degradation behaviour is introduced and used to explore the cost-benefit trade-offs arising from the interaction of degradation and module size. Case studies of an electric vehicle battery pack and a grid-connected energy storage system are used to demonstrate the use of the model to find lifetime cost-optimum designs. It is observed that breaking a battery energy storage system up into smaller modules can lead to large increases in accessible system capacity and may lead to a decision to use lower-quality, lower-cost cells in a cost-optimum system. |
部分图片:
| | 图1 Conceptualisation of a modularised battery pack. Cells inside a module are connected in series and have equal currents. The participation of a module in the overall system is controlled by the module power electronics. The practical realisation of the power electronics will vary depending on the application. | 图2 Comparison of modularised systems composed of good or bad cells. Coloured bands show 95% confidence intervals. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.) | 引文信息: D.J. Rogers, L.J.M. Aslett, M.C.M. Troffaes, Modelling of modular battery systems under cell capacity variation and degradation, Applied Energy. 283 (2021) 116360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116360.(下载链接)
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